Is Swordfish Halal?

The short answer

Swordfish is halal for Sunni Muslims. It is a fish, and the Quran makes the game of the sea lawful (5:96). All four Sunni schools allow fish of every kind, so the question of scales does not arise.

Why is it a question for Shia Muslims?

In Shia (Ja'fari) law, only fish with scales are halal. Swordfish are unusual: young swordfish have scales, but adults lose them and look scaleless. Shia scholars hold that a fish counts as scaled if it had scales at some stage of its life, even if they fell off. That suggests swordfish may qualify, but we did not find a specific ruling on swordfish, so Shia Muslims should ask their marja.

Does swordfish need slaughter?

No. Fish do not need Islamic slaughter.

What should you watch for?

• Mercury. Swordfish is high in mercury. US health agencies advise pregnant women and young children to avoid it. This is a health question, not a halal one.
• Wine marinades and sauces at restaurants.

Common questions

Is swordfish halal for Hanafis?

Yes. It is a fish, and the Hanafi school allows fish.

Is marlin halal?

Marlin is a close relative of swordfish and follows the same reasoning.

The bottom line

Swordfish is halal for all four Sunni schools. Shia Muslims should check with their marja because of the scales question. Eat it in moderation because of mercury.